随着GSM移动网络规模的迅速扩大和城市建设的日新月异，基站小区的覆盖环境复杂易变并影响基站信号的覆盖，使得网络优化的工作量与难度越来越大。本文设计并实现了一种多网元数据采集方案，实时获取GSM网络中各网元的性能数据；提出使用快速增量更新算法来处理网络性能数据，提高了数据处理的效率；利用正态分布模型与马氏距离来分析小区的TA、上链路平衡均值以及输出功率等参数的变化，统计出异常数据与小区覆盖环境的变化，并根据数据分析的结果给出网络优化建议，实现了基于TA的小区覆盖环境分析系统，使网络优化工作更具针对性，提高了GSM网络优化的工作效率。

With the rapid expansion of the mobile GSM network scale and urban construction, the cell coverage environment is complex and protean, which influences the station signal,and causes the work load and the difficulty of network optimization more difficult. This paper designs and implements a multiunit data collection method to acquire the realtime performance data of the GSM network. In order to improve the efficiency of data processing, it uses a fast incremental update algorithm to process the performance data of the GSM network. By using the Gaussian Distribution and Mahalanobis Distance to analyse the parameter variation of the TA, the upward and downward path loss and the output power, we count abnormal data and the changes of the district coverage environment, then give network optimization advice according to the analysis results. This method implements the cell coverage environment system based on TA which can help network optimization more efficient and improve the efficiency of the GSM network optimization.