随着近10年的复兴，虚拟化技术已成为业界和学界的关注热点。本文从操作系统技术的角度观察和分析虚拟化技术的发展，首先深入讨论虚拟化和操作系统的内涵，并就目前针对该两种技术之间的学术争辩进行分析，本文认为虚拟化技术和操作系统技术本质上互有异同，可相互借鉴和融合。本文就虚拟化和操作系统在若干重要技术领域中各自的技术特点进行详细阐述，包括动态二进制翻译、名字空间虚拟化、资源管理机制、运行时状态保存和回溯机制、系统安全和可信增强等，探讨了虚拟化和操作系统的技术融合趋势。本文认为虚拟化技术的发展为操作系统技术变革带来了新的挑战和机遇。

With the renaissance of virtualization technology in the recent decade it becomes a hot focus of researchers and companies. The article reviews the development of virtualization technologies from the viewpoint of operating system. Firstly it analyses the connotations of virtualization and operating system and argues the debate between them. It holds that the virtualization and operating system are the double sides of the same sword and they should benefit from each other. The article analyses the characteristics of several key technologies of virtualization and operating system, such as dynamic binary translation, namespace virtualization, resource management, runtime context’s save and restore mechanism, system security and trustiness enhancement. Moreover, it investigates the trend of integrating virtualization and operating systems. It is true that virtualization’s development stimulates the revolution of operating systems.