量子计算机：量子算法与物理实现

J4 ›› 2012, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 32-43.

量子计算机：量子算法与物理实现

方粮，刘汝霖，汤振森，隋兵才，池雅庆

(国防科学技术大学计算机学院，湖南长沙 410073)

收稿日期:2012-04-28 修回日期:2012-06-11 出版日期:2012-08-25 发布日期:2012-08-25
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目（60921062）

Quantum Computers: Algorithms and Physical Implementations

FANG Liang,LIU Rulin,TANG Zhensen,SUI Bingcai,CHI Yaqing

(School of Computer Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

Received:2012-04-28 Revised:2012-06-11 Online:2012-08-25 Published:2012-08-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

量子算法与物理实现是量子计算机研究中的两个基本问题。本文首先总结了相关领域的主要进展，并讨论了有代表性的量子算法，特别介绍了用于求解线性方程组的量子算法，分析了影响新量子算法提出的因素。然后，探讨了物理实现的迪文森佐判据，并介绍了典型的实现方案及性能比较。同时，也关注了对量子计算机研究持有异议的观点。最后，对量子计算机的新研究方向作了探讨。

关键词: 量子计算机, 量子算法, 量子比特, 离子阱, 量子随机游走, Majorana费米子, 拓扑量子计算

Abstract:

Quantum algorithms and physical implementations are two basic problems in the research of quantum computers.First,we summarize the major progress in the relative areas,and discuss some representative examples of quantum algorithms,especially the one for solving systems of linear equations.The impact factors on proposing new quantum algorithms are also analyzed.Then,the DiVincenzo criteria are discussed, alone with some typical practical implementations and their performance comparison.Additionally,the viewpoints from the enemy camp about quantum computers are also concerned.Finally,we investigate some new research directions.

Key words: quantum computer;quantum algorithm;quantum bit(qubit);ion well;quantum random walking;Majorana Fermion;topological quantum computer

方粮，刘汝霖，汤振森，隋兵才，池雅庆. 量子计算机：量子算法与物理实现[J]. J4, 2012, 34(8): 32-43.

FANG Liang,LIU Rulin,TANG Zhensen,SUI Bingcai,CHI Yaqing. Quantum Computers: Algorithms and Physical Implementations[J]. J4, 2012, 34(8): 32-43.

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