高可扩展三维海洋可控源电磁高阶时域有限差分数值模拟

计算机工程与科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 422-433.

高可扩展三维海洋可控源电磁高阶时域有限差分数值模拟

彭桦,吴志强,肖调杰,李世杰,龚春叶,杨博,王浩东,陈星佑

(1.长沙理工大学计算机学院，湖南长沙 410114；2.国防科技大学计算机学院，湖南长沙 410073；
3.国防科技大学高端装备数字化软件湖南省重点实验室，湖南长沙 410073；4.国家超级计算天津中心，天津 300457)

收稿日期:2024-07-23 修回日期:2024-11-08 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-25
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(62032023,61902411，42104078);湖南省科技厅面上项目（2022JJ30622）

Highly scalable three-dimensional marine controlled-source electromagnetics numerical simulation using high-order time-domain finite-difference method

PENG Hua,WU Zhiqiang,XIAO Tiaojie,LI Shijie,GONG Chunye,YANG Bo,WANG Haodong,CHEN Xingyou

(1.School of Computer Science and Technology,Changsha University of Science & Technology,Changsha 410114;
2.College of Computer Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073;
3.Laboratory of Digitizing Software for Frontier Equipment,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073;
4.National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin,Tianjin 300457,China)

Received:2024-07-23 Revised:2024-11-08 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海洋可控源电磁法MCSEM广泛应用于水下目标电磁探测、海洋电磁通信和海洋油气资源勘探等领域。然而，当前MCSEM数值模拟面临计算精度不足、并行通信效率低下和扩展性受限等问题，难以满足大规模三维复杂模型的计算需求。为此，设计并实现了一种基于四阶时域有限差分的多层级并行数值模拟算法。该算法采用发射源间并行计算和子区域并行求解策略，充分挖掘了并行粒度，并通过远程内存访问技术有效降低通信开销，显著提升了并行效率。然后，通过多个典型案例测试验证了该算法的正确性与高效性。结果表明，在发射源数量为8个、区域规模为20 km×20 km×12 km且网格规模为245×245×512情况下，针对不考虑空气层的深海模型，采用8个进程组共2 048个进程时，计算时间由串行的57.05 h缩短至72.96 s，加速比超线性达到2 815.04，并行效率为137.45%；针对考虑空气层的浅海模型，采用8个进程组共256个进程时，计算时间由串行的64.78 h缩短至59.75 min，加速比为65.05，并行效率为25.41%，表明所提算法具有较好的可扩展性及计算精度，为海洋电磁数值模拟提供了一种高效的解决方案。

关键词: 海洋可控源电磁；高阶时域有限差分方法；高性能计算；远程内存访问, 并行算法, 单侧通信

Abstract: Marine controlled-source electromagnetics (MCSEM) is widely applied in fields such as electromagnetic detection of underwater targets, marine electromagnetic communication, and exploration of marine oil and gas resources. However, current MCSEM numerical simulations face challenges such as insufficient computational accuracy, low parallel communication efficiency, and limited scalability, making it difficult to meet the computational demands of large-scale, three-dimensional complex models. To address these issues, a multi-level parallel numerical simulation algorithm based on the fourth-order finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is designed and implemented in this paper. This algorithm employs parallel computation across transmitter sources and parallel solution strategies for sub-regions, fully exploiting parallel granularity. Additionally, it effectively reduces communication overhead through remote memory access technology, significantly enhancing parallel efficiency. The correctness and efficiency of the algorithm are then validated through multiple typical case studies. The results demonstrate that, for a deep-sea model without considering the air layer, with 8 transmitter sources, a regional scale of 20 km × 20 km × 12 km, and a grid size of 245 × 245 × 512, the computational time is reduced from 57.05 hours in serial computation to 72.96 seconds when using 8 process groups with a total of 2 048 processes, achieving a super-linear speedup of 2 815.04 and a parallel efficiency of 137.45%. For a shallow-sea model considering the air layer, with 8 process groups and a total of 256 processes, the computational time is reduced from 64.78 hours in serial computation to 59.75 minutes, achieving a speedup of 65.05 and a parallel efficiency of 25.41%. This algorithm exhibits good scalability and computational accuracy, providing an efficient solution for marine electromagnetic numerical simulations.

Key words: marine controlled-source electromagnetics;high-order time-domain finite-difference method;high performance computing;remote memory access, parallel algorithm;one-sided communication

彭桦, 吴志强, 肖调杰, 李世杰, 龚春叶, 杨博, 王浩东, 陈星佑. 高可扩展三维海洋可控源电磁高阶时域有限差分数值模拟[J]. 计算机工程与科学, 2026, 48(3): 422-433.

PENG Hua, WU Zhiqiang, XIAO Tiaojie, LI Shijie, GONG Chunye, YANG Bo, WANG Haodong, CHEN Xingyou. Highly scalable three-dimensional marine controlled-source electromagnetics numerical simulation using high-order time-domain finite-difference method[J]. Computer Engineering & Science, 2026, 48(3): 422-433.

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