图符一致性对识别效率及可靠性的影响

J4 ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (09): 1770-1774.

图符一致性对识别效率及可靠性的影响

王波1,2,李永建1,左娟1

(1.西南交通大学经济管理学院人因认知工程实验室，四川成都 610031；2.成都理工大学工程技术学院，四川乐山 614000)

收稿日期:2013-03-21 修回日期:2013-06-08 出版日期:2014-09-25 发布日期:2014-09-25
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（70871099）

Effect of icons consistency on
its recognition efficiency and reliability

WANG Bo1,2,LI Yongjian1,ZUO Juan1

(1.Human Factor Cognitive Engineering Laboratory,
School of Economics and Management,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031;2.College of Engineering＆Technology,Chengdu University of Technology,Leshan 614000,China)

Received:2013-03-21 Revised:2013-06-08 Online:2014-09-25 Published:2014-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对已有研究对图符一致性的影响考虑还不充分的不足，采用被试内实验设计，研究了人机界面图符一致性对识别效率及可靠性的影响。实验共分五组：实验一建立图符形状与指代功能之间的联系（建立用户心理模型）；实验二考察图符外观/形状一致性的影响；实验三考察功能按键位置一致性的影响；实验四和实验五考察图符外观/形状与功能/语义匹配一致性的影响。五组实验的错误率差异的卡方检验结果为：实验四＞实验五=实验三=实验二=实验一；反应时差异的单因素方差分析结果为：实验五=实验四＞实验三=实验二=实验一。结论：外观/形式与功能/语义的“匹配/对应”是界面一致性的核心。相似图符形状指代原有功能时，识别存在学习的正迁移；图符外观一致而指代的功能不一致或反之（新图符指代原有功能）时，识别则会由于心理模型冲突而造成学习的负迁移，表现为识别效率和可靠性的降低。

关键词: 人机界面, 一致性, 识别效率, 可靠性, 心理模型

Abstract:

The existing researches do not consider the effect of icon consistency adequately. Aiming at this problem, the within-subject experimental design is adopted to study the effect of icons consistency on its recognition efficiency and reliability. It contains five experiments. Experiment 1 establishes the relationship between icon forms and the represented functions (to establish user’s mental model); experiment 2 investigates the effect of consistency of icons appearance/form; experiment 3 investigates the effect of consistency of function key position; experiment 4 and experiment 5 investigates the effect of consistency of matching of icon appearance/form and function/semanteme. The results of ChiSquare test on error rate differences among five experiments are “experiment 4＞experiment 5=experiment 3=experiment 2=experiment 1”; oneway ANOVA (analysis of variance) results on reaction time differences are “experiment 5=experiment 4＞experiment 3=experiment 2=experiment 1”. Conclusion: The matching of appearance/form and function/semanteme is the core of interface consistency. Positive transfer of learning exists in recognition of similar icons appearance/form with represented original function/semanteme; for consistent icons appearance/form with inconsistent or converse represented function/semanteme, it results in negative transfer of learning due to conflict of mental model, which shows as the reduction of recognition efficiency and reliability.

Key words: human-computer interface;consistency;recognition efficiency;reliability;mental model

王波1,2,李永建1,左娟1. 图符一致性对识别效率及可靠性的影响[J]. J4, 2014, 36(09): 1770-1774.

WANG Bo1,2,LI Yongjian1,ZUO Juan1. Effect of icons consistency on
its recognition efficiency and reliability [J]. J4, 2014, 36(09): 1770-1774.

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