With the continuous development of information and communication technology, the field of autonomous driving cars has made a great progress. Autonomous driving cars effectively solve the user’s increasing demand for safety, convenience, comfort, efficient travel, and other personalized needs. The autonomous driving car is very popular among the traditional manufacturers, emerging auto companies and people for its great commercial prospect and application value. Starting from the definition of autonomous driving cars, we classify the computing tasks of autonomous driving cars and describe the computing structures of the mobile terminal, the edge node and the cloud. Then, we discuss current mobile terminal computing platforms of autonomous driving cars, which shows heterogeneous and multi-core characteristics, and  compare and analyze the current mainstream underlying computing platforms. Finally, we summarize the problems and challenges encountered in the computing structure and platform of autonomous driving cars from aspects of performance cost and information security.