In this paper,the authors propose a lightweight denial of service (DoS) attacks detection scheme based on  a simple and efficient Markov traffic prediction model,MPDD (Markov Prediction based DoS attack Detection). In MPDD,each node detects independently Through predicting the traffic of Wireless Sensor Network,which neither special hardware nor node’s cooperation .An algorithm evaluating the reliability of alert is proposed to reduce the false alerts caused by prediction or channel errors. Simulation results has shown that the Markov model can predict sensor network traffic precisely; MPDD is an efficient DoS attacks detection scheme which can quickly detect various DoS attacks with less resource overhead.