With the development of information and communication technology, the cyber-physical system (CPS) has become an interdependent and deeply integrated large-scale binary composite network. Studying its information network framework, architecture, properties of large data and fragmented knowledge is of great significance to the future smart grid theory research and practical engineering applications. In view of the characteristics of the Internet of Things, big data knowledge and so on, which bring human society into the era of information and knowledge explosion, we mainly discusses the opportunities and challenges which the CPS will face in the future. The development trend of new energy interconnection, the increase of the ratio of electronic information devices, and multi-energy and multi-network convergence are presented. The application prospects of large data and artificial intelligence knowledge are proposed from the aspects of generation, transmission, transformation, deployment and utilization, which are helpful for future information-based scientific decision-making and deployment of smart grid.