Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous development of semiconductor manufacturing processes, the integration level of chips has been increasing. As a solution to large-scale on-chip interconnection problems, the three-dimensional network-on-chip (3D NoC) has become a major trend in the development of integrated circuits. However, large-scale communication within systems may cause network congestion, link failures, and excessively high local temperatures, thereby reducing system performance. Therefore, congestion control, topology-aware, and hot spot avoidance are key research focuses in routing algorithms. The 3D NoC adaptive routing algorithm dynamically makes routing decisions for data packets according to the network state of 3D NoC, which has become one of the research hotspots in 3D NoC routing algorithms. Firstly, this paper introduces the research history of adaptive routing algorithms, expounds the working principles and implementation methods of 3D NoC adaptive routing algorithms, and classifies the algorithms from the perspective of algorithm design principles. Secondly, under the analysis framework based on routing rules, routing strategies, and adjustment strategies, this paper analyzes the adaptive routing algorithms proposed in recent years and summarizes their characteristics. Finally, it discusses the challenges and future development trends faced by adaptive routing algorithms.

Key words: three-dimensional network-on-chip, adaptive routing algorithm, hotspot, congestion control, topology-aware